What is Abstract class and Method in Java?

In Java, an abstract class and an abstract method are key concepts in object-oriented programming, used to define classes and methods that are meant to be extended or overridden in subclasses. Here's a breakdown:

Abstract Class

• Definition: An abstract class in Java is a class that cannot be instantiated directly. It is used as a base class for other classes to inherit from. Abstract classes are defined using the abstract
• Purpose: Abstract classes are designed to be inherited by subclasses that provide specific implementations for its abstract methods. They can contain both abstract methods (methods without a body) and concrete methods (methods with a body).
• Usage: Abstract classes are often used when there are some shared features among different classes, but the implementation of certain methods should be left to the subclasses.

JavaCopy codeabstract class Animal {    abstract void sound(); // Abstract method     void breathe() { // Concrete method        System.out.println("This animal breathes air.");    }}

Abstract Method

• Definition: An abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation (no method body) in an abstract class. It is meant to be overridden by subclasses that inherit the abstract class.
• Purpose: Abstract methods define a method signature that must be implemented by any concrete subclass, enforcing a certain contract or behavior.
• Usage: When a subclass extends an abstract class, it must provide an implementation for all abstract methods of the parent class, unless the subclass is also declared abstract.

javaCopy codeclass Dog extends Animal {    void sound() { // Implementing the abstract method        System.out.println("Woof");    }}

Example

Here's how an abstract class and method might be used:

javaCopy codeabstract class Vehicle {    abstract void start(); // Abstract method     void stop() { // Concrete method        System.out.println("Vehicle stopped.");    }} class Car extends Vehicle {    @Override    void start() { // Implementing the abstract method        System.out.println("Car started with key.");    }} class Bike extends Vehicle {    @Override    void start() { // Implementing the abstract method        System.out.println("Bike started with button.");    }}

In this example:

• Vehicle is an abstract class with an abstract method start().
• Car and Bike are concrete subclasses that provide their own implementations of the start() method.

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