Computers are connected with each other to
share information and resources. They can exchange information and files with
each other.
“A network consists of two or more
computers those are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and
CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. “
In information technology, networking Course is
the construction, design, and use of a network, including the physical
(cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router, and so forth), the
selection and use of telecommunication protocol and computer software
for using and managing the network, and the establishment of operation policies
and procedures related to the network.
There are many types of computer
networks, including the following:
local-area networks (LANs): The computers are geographically close
together (i.e. in the same building).
wide-area networks (WANs): The computers are farther apart and
are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited
geographic area, such as a campus or military base.
home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's
home that connects a person's digital devices.
Computers on a network are sometimes
called nodes. Computers and devices that
allocate resources for a network are called servers.
Some Basic Terminology used in Networking:
Topology: The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
Topology: The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
Protocol : The
protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the
network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is
called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is
the IBM token-ring network.
Architecture: Networks can be broadly
classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server
architecture.
The Importance of Network Standards
Network standards are important to ensure
that hardware and software can work together. Without standards you could not
easily develop a network to share information.
Following is the list of hardware's required
to setup a computer network.
Network Cables
Distributors
Routers
Internal Network Cards
External Network Cards
Client-Server Technology:
Client-Server Network:
Server: a server is a
computer program that provides services to other computer programs (and their
users) in the same or other computers.
Client: A client is the requesting
program or user in a client/server relationship who request to server to
do some process. For example, the user of a Web browser is effectively
making client requests for pages from servers all over the Web.
For example, banking system also use client
server model, in which the client request to server to do any process related
to transaction, the server fulfils a request made by a client and respond to
client.
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