Why pointer is used in Programming Language? tccicomputercoaching.com

Why pointer is used in Programming Language? tccicomputercoaching.com

A pointer represents the address where the data resides in memory. Dereferencing the pointer (*ptr) reads the value from the address or assigns a new value at that address.

There are lots of reasons to use pointer in Programming:

• To dynamic allocate in your memory.
• Pointers allow you to refer to the same space in memory from multiple locations. This means that you can update memory in one location and the change can be seen from another location in your program.
• User can use pointers any place where they need to obtain and pass around the address to a specific spot in memory.
• In some cases, function pointers are required to use functions that are in a shared library.
• In Data structures pointer is very useful, node link pointers for special tree.

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What is recursion? tccicomputercoaching.com

Learn C++ Programming Language - tccicomputercoaching.com

What is Modules in Python? tccicomputercoaching.com

What is Java Bean in Java? tccicomputercoaching.com

What is difference between friend function and friend class? tccicomputercoaching.com

Why do we need default constructor? tccicomputercoaching.com

What is the difference between Bufferreader and InputstreamReader in Java? tccicomputercoaching.com

Why we need Constructor? tccicomputercoaching.com

What is recursion? tccicomputercoaching.com

Recursion means function calls itself n times.

Factorial is Best Example of Recursion. How recursion works?

void recurse()

{

    ... .. ...

    recurse();

    ... .. ...

}

int main()

{

    ... .. ...

    recurse();

    ... .. ...

}

Example:

int factorial(int n)
{
If (n==1)
return 1;
else
return (n* factorial(n-1));
}

In above factorial example : factorial function calls itself by multiplying n with factorial of n-1 and stops when it reaches to the bas condition at fact 1 by returning 1.

So function calling done in the following way.

fact(5).

5*fact(4) //calls fact(4)

5*4*fact(3)

5*4*3*fact(2)

5*4*3*2*fact(1)

5*4*3*2*1*1 // stops here

Output:

120

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What is Modules in Python? tccicomputercoaching.com

In programming, a module is a piece of software that has a specific functionality.

For example, when developing a big task, one module would be responsible for the one task, and another module would be responsible for another task. Each module is a different file, which can be edited separately.

Modules in Python are simply Python files with a .py extension. The name of the module will be the name of the file. A Python module can have a set of functions, classes or variables defined and implemented.

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What is Java Bean in Java? tccicomputercoaching.com

Java Bean is a normal Java class which has private properties with its public getter and setter method. Java Beans are generally used as helper class. Example - public class User implements java. io. Serializable {private String name; private Integer age; public String getName(){ return this.

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What is difference between friend function and friend class? tccicomputercoaching.com

The Friend function and friend class in C++ are the techniques used to access the private members of a class by using friend keyword.

Difference:

Friend function is a function used with a friend keyword to grant a non-member function access to the private members of a class.

Friend class is a class used with a friend keyword to access the private members of another class.

Use:

A friend function can be used in some situation of operator overloading.

A friend class can be used when a class is created on the top of another class.

The first condition is that friend function is not inherited by a child class. The second condition is that storage class specifier may not be present in friend function, which means that it cannot be declared as static and extern.

The friend class can be declared in more than a single class. It is considered as a short alternative method for friend function because with the help of this we can create a friend class which can access the whole data members and function instead of creating multiple friend functions.

A friend function is required when a function needs to access two or more independent classes, internal members. On the other hand, a friend class is needed when a class requires accessing the members of another class. When a multiple member function needs to be a friend of that function, in that case, it is better to use friend class.

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Why do we need default constructor? tccicomputercoaching.com

Constructor is used to initialize an object. In other words, constructor provides memory to an object. Without initializing an object we can’t use its properties.

But there is no need to define or declare a default constructor in Java . The compiler implicitly adds a default constructor in the program if we have not declared or defined it.

Example-

class Experiment
{
int a=10;
int b=20;
public static void main(String[] argus)
{
Experiment e=new Experiment(); //default constructor//
}
}

The only purpose of the constructor is to set a variable's default value, which will be zero anyway. This default constructor will be implicitly declared and created by the compiler.

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What is the difference between Bufferreader and InputstreamReader in Java? tccicomputercoaching.com

BufferedReader and InputStreamReader are both Input Function in Java File.

BufferedReader reads a couple of characters from the specified stream and stores it in a buffer. This makes input faster.

InputStreamReader reads only one character from specified stream and remaining characters still remain in the stream.

Example:

1. class NewClass{
2. public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException, IOException{
3.
4. BufferedReader isr = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader (System.in));
5.
6. Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
7.
8. System.out.println("B.R. - "+(char )isr.read());
9. System.out.println("Scanner - " + sc.nextLine());
10. }
11. }

When the isr.read() statement is executed, I entered the input ”hello” and the character “h” of “hello” is printed on the screen. If this was InputStreamReader then the remaining characters “ello” would have remained in the System.in stream and the sc.nextLine() would have printed them. But in this case it doesn’t happens because the BufferedReader reads all of the “hello” characters from the System. in stream and stores them in its own personal buffer and thus the System. In stream remains empty when sc.nextLine() is executed.

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Why we need Constructor? tccicomputercoaching.com

Generally in Programming methods can be accessed through objects of class.

Constructor is the normal method that is invokes automatically when we create an object. The main reason for having the constructor is to initialize the variables.

In java Constructor providing memory for referenced variables (non static variables).

Constructor name and class name must be same.

If we are not create any constructor compiler will adds default zero argument constructor to your java file.

We can put only return keyword in Constructor.

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