Basics of Java Language

What is Java?

Java is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

Object-oriented programming is a method of solving complex problems by breaking them down into smaller sub-problems. Objects are real-world entities. It's easier to develop programs using objects. OOP uses classes and objects in a structured way to program.

Class: A class is a template, draft, or prototype that defines the data members and methods of an object. Objects are instances of classes. You can also define a class using the class keyword in a program.

Object: Objects are real-world entities that can be uniquely identified. For example, desks and circles can be considered objects. Objects have their own behaviour, identity, and state. Data fields with current values ​​represent the state (also called properties or attributes) of an object.

Abstraction: Abstraction is a way of hiding irrelevant information from the user. For example, a driver only knows how to drive a car. No need to know how to drive a car. A class can be abstracted using the abstract keyword. In Java language we prefer to use abstract classes and interfaces to achieve abstraction.

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of binding data and functionality into a single entity. Classes are an example of encapsulation. In Java, a Java bean is a fully encapsulated class.

Inheritance: Inheritance is the mechanism by which a class acquires all the characteristics of another class. Inheritance can be achieved using the extend keyword. Makes code reuse easier.

Polymorphism: Polymorphism is an ability that manifests itself in many different ways. So a single action in different ways. For example, a boy behaves like a student in the classroom and like a son at home. There are his two types of polymorphism: run-time polymorphism and compile-time polymorphism.

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